Recently, lithium carbonate has experienced a sharp decline. As of June 9th, the benchmark price of battery grade lithium carbonate in Shengyi Society was 162000 yuan/ton, a significant decrease of 18% from the previous high of 199000 yuan/ton (May 12th). The comprehensive disintegration of the positive logic on the supply side, the concentrated release of inventory pressure, and multiple factors jointly promote the reversal of market trends.
Sudden changes in inventory data are the core logic that triggers price declines
Previously, the market generally used “low inventory and tight supply” as the bullish core logic, but recently the number of lithium carbonate warehouse receipts on the Guangzhou Futures Exchange has continued to soar, reaching 56000 tons on June 3, equivalent to half a month’s total domestic production. Affected by the fact that spot prices are lower than futures prices, holders of goods have registered spot goods as warehouse receipt arbitrage. At the same time, the market reaction shows that the quality of warehouse receipts is poor, unable to meet production needs, weak purchasing intentions, and further accumulation of warehouse receipts, forming a vicious cycle of “price decline – warehouse receipt increase – price further decline”.
Overseas lithium mine supply resumes, reversing market concerns about raw material shortages
In February of this year, Zimbabwe announced a suspension of lithium concentrate exports, which caused market panic and led to a surge in lithium prices. However, since mid May, locally approved Chinese enterprises have been shipping lithium mines one after another, and the actual supply reduction is much lower than market expectations. Australia is also accelerating the release of production capacity. Bald Hill lithium mine under Mineral Resources announced the resumption of production, and spodumene concentrate can be produced in July, with a much faster resumption rate than previously predicted by institutions. Stimulated by high prices, multiple lithium mines around the world have accelerated their resumption of production. The market’s previous panic about lithium mine supply cuts has completely dissipated, and the tight supply premium has quickly fallen back.
Energy storage demand dividend supports the bottom of lithium prices
The new energy vehicle market presents a pattern of “quantity reduction, unit consumption increase”. In May, the estimated wholesale of new energy vehicles by passenger car manufacturers nationwide reached 1.36 million units, a year-on-year increase of 12% and a month on month increase of 11%, barely maintaining a slight increase in the total installed capacity of power batteries. The industry is no longer able to achieve explosive growth in lithium demand solely based on sales volume. As the largest incremental demand for energy storage, it is the core catalyst for the early recovery of lithium carbonate. At present, the top battery companies are basically in full production, and some companies’ orders have been scheduled until early next year. Both upstream and downstream of the industrial chain are operating at full capacity. From the perspective of battery cell production scheduling, there is a strong demand for energy storage projects, which are currently not sensitive to material prices and provide bottom support.
Overall, the current decline in lithium carbonate is the result of a synchronous shift in supply and inventory logic. However, the strong demand for new energy vehicles and explosive growth in energy storage demand may limit the downward space for lithium prices. The subsequent price trend mainly depends on the speed of new supply landing in the third quarter and the sustained ability of energy storage demand, and it is expected to maintain a volatile trend in the short term.
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